The working components of the gas turbine are assembled on a welded steel frame which also houses the fuel and lubricating oil tanks. Two doors provide access to the electrical fuses and the electronic logic and safety systems. The complete apparatus is mounted on wheels. The gas turbine consists of two principal components, the gas generator and the separate power turbine. Ancillary equipment includes two pumps (for fuel and lubricating oil) and an internally constructed start-up fan system. A new semi-automatic system for injecting alcohol during start-up is included.
Gas Generator:
The gas generator consists of a radial flow compressor of improved design, an improved combustion chamber and a radial flow turbine. The arrangement of the main components of the gas generator has been changed to reduce the length of connecting ducting and inert fiber insulation has been introduced to minimize heat loss. Air enters the compressor through an intake silencer and a venturimeter. After the compressor, the air passes through the vertical combustion chamber and then to the gas generator turbine.The speed of the compressor and turbine is measured photo-electrically and displayed on a digital counter. The gas generator may be run throughout the speed range 50,000 to 90,000 rpm and is stable at all intermediate speeds. Speed is regulated by the fuel flow control valve located on the speed control panel.
Combustion Chamber:
The combustion chamber is manufactured from 'Nimonic' steel and has been re-designed to ensure easy starting and to ensure 'clean' combustion over a wide range of running conditions. Particular attention has been paid to flame stability at light load. Pressure loss through the combustion chamber is small and the maximum continuous temperature is 700oC. The kerosene fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber through a special nozzle and the use of a liquid fuel reduces the possibility of over-speed conditions because the fuel flow through the nozzle is automatically restricted as the compressor delivery pressure rises.
Power Turbine:
The hot gas issuing from the exhaust of the gas generator is passed through an insulated duct to the inlet of the re-designed power turbine. The power turbine is larger than the gas generator turbine and is of inward radial flow design. The shortened insulated duct connecting the gas generator to the power turbine reduces the heat losses to the atmosphere. The speed of the power turbine is measured electromagnetically and is displayed on a digital counter.The power turbine is directly coupled to the eddy current brake and the exhaust gases pass through a suitable outside wall or into a suitable exhaust gas system. The low gas velocities through the power turbine ensure that exhaust noise level is sufficiently low to avoid the need for a silencer.
Fuel System:
Kerosene is the operating fuel.Fuel is pumped by an electrically driven gear pump and at pressure of 6 bars (90 psi) from fuel tank. The fuel flow is regulated by a manual valve located in the control panel and is measured by a 'Rotameter'. During the start sequence methylated alcohol or methanol is automatically injected and is ignited by the high energy spark system. The alcohol flame then ignites the kerosene.
Lubricating Oil System:
A self-contained lubricating oil system is provided which includes a water cooled oil cooler and the necessary filters. Instruments are provided to indicate lubricating oil temperature and pressure.
Semi-Automatic Starting System:
Four electrically driven fans, built into the intake silencer, provide a flow of air through the gas generator during the start sequence. Alcohol is gravity fed to the combustion chamber and controlled by a solenoid valve. The alcohol is ignited by the high energy spark system and during this stage of the start only one of the four electrically driven fans is in use. When a flame is detected (as shown by one of the temperature indicators) the fuel pump is switched on. An automatic system then switches on the remaining fans and admits the correct amount of kerosene to achieve an idling speed on the gas generator of 45/50,000 rpm. The manual control valve is then used to increase the speed to 55/60,000 rpm and the fans can be turned off. Throughout the start sequence indicator lights show what is happening such as: number of fans in use, alcohol present in combustion chamber, high energy spark on, etc
Safety Equipment:This test set is designed for safe and accurate experimental work by students without continuous supervision. A comprehensive system of safety devices has been incorporated to ensure that the apparatus will shut down automatically if any of the following faults develop-
1. Low lubricating oil pressure.
2. High combustion chamber outlet temperature.
3. Mains electricity failure.
A warning light is provided to indicate excessive temperature in the eddy current brake. The complete starting and shut-down sequence is controlled by a system of electrical and electronic logic devices which will only permit the correct sequence of starting to be used and which will also automatically switch on the starting fans to cool the machine after shut-down at the end of an experiment or after automatic shut-down resulting from a malfunction.
I like this concept. It's very doable. I like it also because it is sane.
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